Is bool guaranteed to be 0 or 1 when converted to int?

Well, not always...

const int n = 100;
bool b[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
    int x = b[i];
    if (x & ~1)
    {
        std::cout << x << ' ';
    }
}

Output on my system:

28 255 34 148 92 192 119 46 165 192 119 232 26 195 119 44 255 34 96 157 192 119
8 47 78 192 119 41 78 192 119 8 250 64 2 194 205 146 124 192 73 64 4 255 34 56 2
55 34 224 255 34 148 92 192 119 80 40 190 119 255 255 255 255 41 78 192 119 66 7
8 192 119 192 73 64 240 255 34 25 74 64 192 73 64

The reason for this apparently weird output is laid out in the standard, 3.9.1 §6:

Values of type bool are either true or false. Using a bool value in ways described by this International Standard as "undefined", such as by examining the value of an uninitialized automatic object, might cause it to behave as if it is neither true nor false.

One more example when you are out of the safe boat:

  bool b = false;
  *(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&b)) = 0xFF;
  int from_bool = b;
  cout << from_bool << " is " << (b ? "true" : "false");

Output (g++ (GCC) 4.4.7):

  255 is true

To be added to the FredOverflow's example.