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I have the same difficulties trying to find the documentation, but somewhere in the MySQL docs I found that the MySQL C++ Connector was designed to be compatible with the JDBC 4.0 API.
The MySQL Connector/C++ is compatible with the JDBC 4.0 API. However, MySQL Connector/C++ does not implement all of the JDBC 4.0 API methods.
Approximately 80% percent of the methods should work. That API can be found here.