stdlib.h: no such file or directory

I am using various stdlib functions like srand(), etc. I have the line

#include <stdlib.h>

at the top of my code.

I entered this on the command line:

# find / -name stdlib.h

find: `/home/dmurvihill/.gvfs: permission denied
/usr/include/stdlib.h
/usr/include/bits/stdlib.h

So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include.

My preprocessor:

# gcc -print-prog-name=cc1

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1

My preprocessor's default search path:

# /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -v

ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.

So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include, which is most definitely supposed to be searched by my preprocessor, but I still get this error!

/path/to/cpa_sample_code_main.c:15:20: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated

Update

A program I wrote to test this code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/time.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    printf("Getting time...\n");
    time_t seconds;
    time(&seconds);
    printf("Seeding generator...\n");
    srand((unsigned int)seconds);
    printf("Getting random number...\n");
    int value = rand();
    printf("It is %d!",value);
    printf("Goodbye, cruel world!");
    return 0;
}

The command

gcc -H -v -fsyntax-only stdlib_test.c

output

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_