Can I check if a variable can be cast to a specified type?

I am trying to verify whether a variable that is passed can be converted to a specific type. I have tried the following but can't get it to compile so I assume I'm going about it the wrong way (I'm new to C#)

string myType = "System.Int32";
string myValue = "42";

bool canBeCast = false;

try
{
  // try to convert the value to it's intended type to see if it's valid.
  var result = (Type.GetType(typeString))dataValue;
  canBeCast = true;
}
catch
{
  canBeCast = false;
}

I'm basically trying to avoid a massive switch statement along the lines of

  switch(myType){
    case "System.Int32":
      try
      {
        var convertedValue = Convert.ToInt32(myValue);
      }
      catch (Exception)
      {
        canBeConverted = false;
      }
      break;
    case "another type":
      ...
  }

EDIT:

Ok, basically I have a db table of known input types that looks like:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MetadataTypes] (
    [typeName]  VARCHAR (50)  NOT NULL,
    [dataType]  VARCHAR (50)  NOT NULL,
    [typeRegex] VARCHAR (255) NULL
);

which may have data such as

"StartTime","System.DateTime",null
"TicketId","System.String","$[Ff][0-9]{7}^"

And the input to my function would be a KeyValuePair along the lines of

myInput = new KeyValuePair<string,string>("StartTime","31/12/2010 12:00");

I need to check that the value of the KeyValuePair is of the correct datatype expected by the MetaDataType.

EDIT FOR ANSWER:

Leon got really close to the solution I finally came up with.

For reference my function now looks like this:

public Boolean ValidateMetadata(KeyValuePair<string, string> dataItem)
{

  // Look for known metadata with name match
  MetadataType type = _repository.GetMetadataTypes().SingleOrDefault(t => t.typeName == dataItem.Key);
  if (type == null) {