Is it possible to specify an SVG as a background image and ALSO style the SVG in the same CSS file?

I'm very comfortable placing, scaling and clipping SVG images as either single files or sprites, but I haven't been able to work out if it possible to style the SVG within the same CSS file as sets it as a background image.

In pseudo CSS i'd like to do the following to vary the colour of simple shape based on the class of the parent element:

element1 {
 background-image(icon.svg);
}

element1.black .svg-pathclass {
 fill: #000000;
}

element1.white .svg-pathclass {
 fill: #ffffff;
}

obviously this assumes a path in the SVG having class .svg-pathclass

is this possible?

css svg
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