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I have a piece of code which looks like this: Snippet A: class Creature { private static long numCreated; public Creature() { synchronized (Creature.class) { numCreated++; } } public static long numCreated() { return numCreated; } } From my understanding, since reading of numCreated is not synchronized, if Thread-A creates a Creature at 1pm, and Thread-B reads numCreated() at 2pm, numCreated() may well have returned either 0 or 1 (even when Thread-A has finished initializing the object at 1.05pm). So I added synchronized to numCreated() : Snippet B : class Creature { private static long numCreated; public Creature() { synchronized (Creature.class) { numCreated++; } } public static synchronized long numCreated() { // add "synchronized" return numCreated; } } and all's well, except that I was thinking, if I modify it to Snippet C , is the variable numCreated still synchronized properly? Snippet C: class Creature { private static volatile long numCreated; // add "volatile" public Creature() { synchronized (Creature.class) { numCreated++; } } public static long numCreated() { // remove "synchronized" return numCreated; } } With Snippet C , is it guaranteed that as soon as Thread-A completes object creation at 1:05pm, Thread-B's call to numCreated() is sure to return 1 ? PS: I understand that in a real situation I would probably use an AtomicLong but this is for learning purposes

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