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Something that really would like to know but never found out are shortcuts in PHP. I am currently coding a function with a foreach loop with just a single statement inside. I tried to omit the curly braces as you can do in if/else control structures and it works. No errors. foreach($var as $value) $arr[] = $value; Now I tried to use it the same way but putting an if/else block inside it. Again, working and no errors. foreach($var as $value) if(1 + 1 == 2) { $arr[] = $value; }; Then, I thought like "why is this working?" and omitted the closing semicolon. Still working. So I tried to use the if/else statement without curly braces inside the foreach loop and again, still working and no errors. But is the foreach loop really closed/ended right now? foreach($var as $value) if(1 + 1 == 2) $arr[] = $value; At least I omitted the closing semicolon again and (as expected) a parsing error occurred. So my big question is: When can I omit the curly braces and in which structure/loop/function? I know that I can definitely do so in if and else . But what about while , for and foreach ? And yes, I know that it is not safe, smart, whatever to code without curly braces and there are shorthands like $condition ? true : false; and if: doSomething(); endif; , endfor; and endforeach; . I don't wanna learn about shorthands I just want to understand the conditions about when and where it is possible to omit the curly brackets.

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