What are .a and .so files?

Archive libraries (.a) are statically linked i.e when you compile your program with -c option in gcc. So, if there's any change in library, you need to compile and build your code again.

The advantage of .so (shared object) over .a library is that they are linked during the runtime i.e. after creation of your .o file -o option in gcc. So, if there's any change in .so file, you don't need to recompile your main program. But make sure that your main program is linked to the new .so file with ln command.

This will help you to build the .so files. http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LibraryArchives-StaticAndDynamic.html

.a are static libraries. If you use code stored inside them, it's taken from them and embedded into your own binary. In Visual Studio, these would be .lib files.

.so are dynamic libraries. If you use code stored inside them, it's not taken and embedded into your own binary. Instead it's just referenced, so the binary will depend on them and the code from the so file is added/loaded at runtime. In Visual Studio/Windows these would be .dll files (with small .lib files containing linking information).