Module 31: Upper Extremity III – Elbow and Forearm
Module 31: Upper Extremity III – Elbow and Forearm
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this class, students will be able to:
- List the bones of the arm and elbow joint.
- Identify the bony and ligamentous structures of the elbow joint.
- Establish relationships between bony landmarks and attachments of muscles/tendons or neurovascular structures in the upper extremities.
- Describe the elbow joint and infer how the muscle actions will create movement about the joint.
- Review the innervation of muscles of the arm
Terms to Know
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Bones
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Muscles of the Arm
Muscles of the Forearm and Wrist
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*NOTE – The table below contains the same information from M30. However, now the only bones presented are the humerus, radius, and ulna.
Bones and Bony Landmarks of the Arm and Forearm
*NOTE – The table below contains the same information from M30. However, now the only bones presented are the humerus, radius, and ulna.
| Bone | Bony Landmark | Associated Structures |
| Humerus | Head | Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
| Anatomical neck | Just distal to the head of the humerus | |
| Surgical neck | Common site for fractures of the humerus | |
| Deltoid tuberosity | Attachment for the deltoid muscle | |
| Lesser tubercle | Attachment for the subscapularis muscle (and teres major) | |
| Greater tubercle | Attachment for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor | |
| Intertubercular sulcus (groove) | Passageway for the tendon of the long head of the biceps; attachment for the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles | |
| Radial groove | Radial nerve travels here on its course around the posterior humerus | |
| Medial epicondyle | Attachment site for muscles of the anterior forearm (flexors and pronator teres) | |
| Lateral epicondyle | Attachment site for muscles of the posterior forearm (extensors and supinator) | |
| Lateral supracondylar ridge | Attachment site for some posterior forearm muscles | |
| Medial supracondylar ridge | Attachment site for some anterior forearm muscles | |
| Capitulum | Articulates with the head of the radius | |
| Trochlea | Articulates with the ulna | |
| Radial fossa | Space for radius during elbow flexion | |
| Coronoid fossa | Space for the coronoid process of the ulna during elbow flexion | |
| Olecranon fossa | Space for the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension | |
| Ulna | Trochlear notch | Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus |
| Olecranon process | Attachment for the triceps brachii | |
| Coronoid process | Attachment for ligaments of the elbow | |
| Radial notch | Proximal articulation with the head of the radius | |
| Head | Articulates distally with the radius and with carpal bones | |
| Styloid process | Attachment for a ligament of the wrist | |
| Radius | Head | Articulates with the ulna and humerus |
| Radial tuberosity | Attachment for the biceps brachii tendon | |
| Styloid process | Attachment site for the brachioradialis muscle | |
| Ulnar notch | Distal articul