Chapter 4: The Writing Process 3: Drafting
Learning Objectives
1. Use effective reading strategies to collect and reframe information from a variety of written materials accurately.
iv. Separate main ideas from subordinate ideas in written materials.
2. Apply outlining techniques to begin drafting a document.
3. Plan, write, revise, and edit short documents and messages that are organized, complete, and tailored to specific audiences.
iii. Apply standard patterns of organization.
Once you’ve clarified the organizing principle of your message, outlining with hierarchical notes helps you plot out the bare-bones structure of the message’s full scope so that you can flesh it out into full sentences and paragraphs shortly after. Outlining helps you get past one of the most terrifying moments in any student’s or professional’s job, especially when beginning a large writing project: writer’s block. Even after completing all the other steps of the writing process explored above, freezing up while staring down a blank screen is an anxiety-driven mental bottleneck that often comes from either lacking anything to say because you haven’t researched the topic, or thinking that your draft writing has to come out perfectly just as the reader will see it by the end of the process. It absolutely doesn’t. Drafting is supposed to produce a sketchy, disappointing mess only because the goal at this stage is to get ideas down fast so that you can fix them up later in the editing stage.
Outlining is a structured brainstorming activity that helps keep you on track by assigning major, overarching ideas and relatively minor, supporting points to their proper places in the framework of your chosen organizing principle. At its most basic form for a three-part message, an outline looks like the following:
- Opening
- Point 1
- Point 2
- Body
- Point 1
- Subpoint 1
- Subpoint 2
- Sub-subpoint 1
- Sub-subpoint 2
- Sub-sub-subpoint 1
- Sub-sub-subpoint 2
- Sub-sub-subpoint 3
- Sub-subpoint 3
- Subpoint 3
- Point 2
- Subpoint 1
- Subpoint 2
- Subpoint 3
- Point 1
- Closing
- Point 1
- Point 2
You can add further points in the body and, as shown in the middle of the above outline template, subdivide them even further with lowercase roman numerals, regular numbers, lowercase letters, etc. depending on the size of the document and the support needed. Even when drafting a short email, throwing down a few point-form words as soon as you think of them, arranged in the basic three-part message structure, can help you get started, especially if you don’t have time to write the full email as soon as you think of it (or respond to one as soon as you read it) but nonetheless need to get some quick ideas down before you forget so that you can expand on those points later when you have time. For instance, if it occurs to you that subscribing to a snow-removal service might be a good idea and quickly draft an email on the weekend while doing several other winterizing chores, it may look like